Final answer:
The CHO and N sparing effects of ketone bodies (KBs) occur when the body uses fat metabolism to produce energy, preserving carbohydrates and proteins during starvation or poor diet. This response reduces muscle wasting and is indicated by 'acetone breath,' which signifies heavy reliance on fat stores for energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 'CHO and N sparing effects of KBs' refer to the body's metabolic response to starvation or prolonged bad eating habits. When the body's glucose supply from gluconeogenesis is insufficient, it switches to 'ketogenic fat metabolism.' This produces ketone bodies (KBs), which serve as an alternative energy source and have a 'protein sparing' effect. The body utilizes these KBs for energy, thereby reducing the need for glucose and sparing carbohydrates (CHO) and proteins (nitrogenous compounds, N) from being converted into glucose. Thus, muscle wasting is reduced, preserving vital body proteins.
During these conditions, people might experience 'acetone breath,' which is a common indicator of ketosis. While ketone bodies can serve as an important energy source during times of inadequate food intake, they are considered a 'last resort,' and the presence of 'acetone breath' signifies that the body is relying heavily on fat stores for its energy requirements.