Final answer:
The movement of ciliary dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella, resulting in their characteristic movement. Powered by ATP, this motion is crucial for the motility and other functions of eukaryotic cells. These organelles perform duties such as feeding, sensation, and moving cells or substances along surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of ciliary dynein is essential for the motility of flagella and cilia, which are locomotory organelles found in many eukaryotic cells. The dynein motor protein attaches to the A tubules of the microtubule doublets within the axoneme, which is the structural core of a flagellum or cilium. As dynein 'walks' along the B tubules of adjacent doublets with the consumption of ATP, it causes the microtubules to slide past each other, resulting in the bending of the axoneme. This action is coordinated, with different sets of doublets controlled at various times and constrained by the attachments of the nexin and radial spoke proteins, ensuring a proper flagellar wave-like movement or a ciliary back-and-forth beat.
Cilia have a variety of functions beyond motility, including feeding, sensation, and even moving substances along the cell's surface, as seen in the respiratory tract. Likewise, flagella are primarily involved in the movement of cells like sperm or unicellular organisms. When isolated from cells and provided with ATP, both detached cilia and flagella exhibit their characteristic beating behavior, demonstrating the importance of ATP in their motility.
These organelles share a common 9+2 microtubule arrangement, formed from a basal body and surrounded by the plasma membrane. In addition to motility, these microtubules have roles in other cellular processes, including organelle movement and cell division.