Final answer:
The three fundamental components within types of training in psychology are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Together, these forms of learning shape how individuals and organizations approach training, making it effective on multiple levels of evaluation from reactions to behavioral changes and organizational outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the three fundamental components within the types of training is crucial in the field of psychology. These components are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Classical conditioning involves learning through association, famously illustrated by Pavlov's dogs which salivated at the sound of a bell linked to the anticipation of food. Operant conditioning, conceptualized by B.F. Skinner, involves learning through consequences, where behavior is shaped by rewards or punishments. Observational learning, introduced by Albert Bandura, is when individuals learn by watching and imitating the actions of others. Recognition of these forms of learning aids in designing effective training and educational programs, whether in organizations or educational settings. A study by Arthur et al. highlighted the effectiveness of various training methods using different types of measurement such as the reaction of the employee, knowledge tests, behavioral assessments, and organizational results like productivity. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating elements from these three approaches to maximize training outcomes.a