Final answer:
Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease caused by capillary damage in the kidneys from diabetes, while conditions like BDR, NPDR, and AMD affect vision, often due to similar underlying factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetic Nephropathy and Vision Conditions
Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease resulting from damage to the capillaries within the glomeruli of the kidneys. This damage is a consequence of persistent high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes mellitus. Over time, the condition can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, nausea, frequent urination, and itchy skin.
While diabetic nephropathy pertains to kidney function, various vision conditions like Background Diabetic Retinopathy (BDR) and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR), along with other diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), involve damage to the eyes. Specifically, BDR and NPDR are stages of diabetic retinopathy where the blood vessels in the retina become damaged, leading to sight issues. Factors contributing to these eye conditions include uncontrolled blood sugar, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and family history.