Final answer:
Endotracheal intubation should be performed for maintaining an open airway during general anesthesia, emergency airway obstruction, and when the respiratory muscles are not functioning, ensuring oxygen reaches the lungs and preventing aspiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Endotracheal intubation should be performed when there's a need to maintain an open airway during general anesthesia, when a patient's airway is at risk of being blocked by the tongue or when the muscles responsible for respiration are not functioning properly. During anesthesia, the tongue can relax and obstruct the airway or the muscles may not adequately move the diaphragm or chest wall. Intubation involves the insertion of a tube into the trachea to ensure that air can reach the lungs without obstruction, and it also seals off the airway from the oropharynx to prevent aspiration. Additionally, endotracheal intubation can be necessary in emergency situations where the respiratory system is obstructed by a foreign object or is otherwise inhibited. The placement of an endotracheal tube allows for artificial ventilation if needed. After the surgical procedure or emergency situation has passed and the patient's respiratory muscles begin to function normally, the tube is carefully removed. Most patients will experience a recovery period where normal respiratory function gradually returns, usually taking about 30 minutes for full consciousness and muscle control to be regained. A common post-procedure symptom includes a sore or scratchy throat.