Answer:
Urban sprawl refers to the spread of development outwards from a city or other metropolitan area, often in the form of low-density, single-family housing developments. Upward growth, or vertical expansion, is the upward expansion of a city's built environment to accommodate a larger population.
Urban sprawl has been linked to severalironmental and societal impacts, including increased air and water pollution, intronic congestion, higher energy consumption, and decreased green space. Upward growth can also significantly impact the environment, including air pollution and energy consumption. However, the impacts of upward change are often less severe than those of urban sprawl because upward growth is more efficient in land usage and requires less commuting.
From a societal perspective, urban sprawl can lead to increased social segregation, as low-income families often cannot afford the housing in these developments. On the other hand, upward growth can benefit certain social groups, providing better access to city services for those living in high-rise buildings. Additionally, it can help reduce the cost of housing in certain areas, as more people can be accommodated in a smaller size.
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