Final answer:
In a proximal row carpectomy, it is essential to preserve the ligaments that maintain the integration of the distal carpal and metacarpal bones and support the carpometacarpal and midcarpal joints for wrist movement. The specific ligaments include those that connect the distal carpal bones to each other and to the metacarpal bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
When performing a proximal row carpectomy, it is crucial to preserve the ligaments that maintain the integrity and function of the remaining carpal and metacarpal bones, especially since this procedure involves the removal of the proximal row of carpal bones. The ligaments that are essential to preserve include those that hold together the four distal carpal bones as a group as well as those that facilitate the articulation between each other and with the metacarpal bones contributing to the carpometacarpal joint articulation and the midcarpal joint.
These structural ligaments are vital as they are responsible for all movements of the hand at the wrist. However it is important to note that the specific ligament to be preserved may vary depending on the surgical technique and individual anatomy. Therefore, the relevant ligament to preserve would likely include, but not be limited to the intercarpal ligaments of the distal row.