Final answer:
Trade in Mayan civilization was extensive and crucial for the economy, involving long-distance trade across Mesoamerica. Mayan city-states were strategically built along trade routes, and their success often depended on their control of these routes. The Maya did not have direct trade with European, Asian, or African empires before the Columbian era.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extent of trade in Mayan civilization can be described as significant and far-reaching within the region of Mesoamerica. The Maya engaged in long-distance trade with various cultures, exchanging goods such as gold from Colombia and Panama, turquoise and obsidian from New Mexico, as well as everyday items like salt from Yucatán. They utilized a complex written script for communication and tracking of trade. While trade networks were extensive, there is no evidence that the Maya traded directly with Asian and African empires or that Europeans reached Mayan city-states before the age of exploration.
The Mayan city-states, such as Copan, Tikal, and Chichen Itza, were built along major trade routes that were essential for exchanging diverse products and resources. Control over these trade routes often determined a city's prominence and success. Despite frequent warfare and shifting alliances among city-states, trade remained a cornerstone of Mayan economic and social structure.