Final answer:
Protective factors of parenting skills include the authoritative parenting style, warm and healthy parent-child relationships, and parental resilience to stress. These factors contribute to positive child outcomes and socioemotional growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protective factors of parenting skills are critical in nurturing a healthy self-concept in children. According to Diana Baumrind's parenting style theory, the authoritative style of parenting, characterized by reasonable demands, consistent limits, warmth, affection, and attentiveness to the child's perspective, is associated with the most positive child outcomes, including high self-esteem and social skills. This parenting approach sets rules but explains the reasons behind them, showing flexibility and a willingness to make exceptions when appropriate, which could contribute to a child's socioemotional growth.
Parent-child relationships are essential, as indicated by research emphasizing that warm and healthy interactions are associated with positive outcomes like better grades and fewer school behavior problems. It has been demonstrated in the United States and other countries that these types of relationships contribute significantly to a child's development. Furthermore, resilience to stress in parents, as well as an active engagement in fostering a child's talents and negotiating skills, can protect against negative outcomes such as child abuse and promote better social and educational development, as shown in studies by Samuels and Gladwell.