Final answer:
Social and emotional competence protective factors include emotional intelligence, an internal locus of control, and social support, which significantly aid in coping with life's stressors, leading to better mental health and increased longevity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social and emotional competence protective factors are characteristics or conditions in individuals that help them manage and cope with life's stressors more effectively. These protective factors include a sense of control over one's life, social support, and the ability to regulate emotions.
Social and emotional competence plays a critical role in mental health and wellbeing. People with higher emotional intelligence, which encompasses the understanding of one's own and others' emotions, as well as the ability to regulate these emotions, have been shown to be healthier and cope better with challenges. Moreover, research indicates that such individuals are less likely to be depressed. This is linked to having an internal locus of control, where individuals believe they can influence outcomes in their lives.
Additionally, social support has emerged as a significant protective factor. It includes the emotional and practical assistance received from family, friends, and the community. Studies have shown that a robust social network can increase an individual's longevity, equating the health benefits to those of quitting smoking. Thus, these protective factors, part of socioemotional selectivity, play an essential role in positive aging and maintaining subjective well-being throughout various life stages.