Final answer:
Transformers are electrical devices that use electromagnetic induction to convert voltages from one level to another and their functionalities include step-up/step-down voltage capabilities, the presence of tap changers, and various testing protocols. They play a crucial role in power transmission and electrical safety systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common characteristics of transformers include various elements such as winding voltage ratings, the presence of dual rated transformers, the inclusion of tap changers, commonly conducted transformer testing, and typical transformer-related topics, connections, and applications. Transformers are devices that use induction to transform voltages from one level to another and are integral to electrical safety systems and power transmission. They function on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the ratio of voltages across primary and secondary coils is directly proportional to the number of turns in the windings of the transformer, and the currents in both windings are inversely related.
Examples to Illustrate Transformer Principles
A step-up transformer is one that increases voltage from the primary to the secondary winding, which can be calculated using the transformer's turn ratio.
The current in the primary and secondary windings can be found by understanding the transformer's operation and considering power conservation principles.
Transformers applications are diverse and include use in electrical safety systems, distribution of electric power, and adjusting voltage levels for various electrical devices.