Final answer:
High intakes of pantothenic acid can lead to nausea and diarrhea, as it is a vitamin essential for metabolism but can cause gastrointestinal issues when consumed in excess.
Step-by-step explanation:
Very high intakes of pantothenic acid can cause d. nausea and diarrhea. Pantothenic acid is required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) and is essential in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. While it is generally considered safe and side effects from high doses are uncommon, excessive consumption beyond the body's requirement can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. Unlike other vitamins, it does not cause more severe symptoms such as impaired growth, metabolic issues, or the burning feet syndrome, which are associated with deficiencies of other vitamins. It is very important to adhere to recommended intakes to avoid these adverse effects.