Final answer:
Deposits of cholesterol, fat, and other substances that accumulate along arterial walls are called atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up, narrowing the arteries and restricting blood flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deposits of cholesterol, fat, and other substances that accumulate along arterial walls are called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque within the arteries. Plaque is comprised of cell debris, cholesterol, fatty substances like cholesterylesters, calcium, and connective tissue. This plaque formation can be influenced by factors such as a high-fat diet, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, or genetic predisposition. As plaque accumulates, it narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to severe health issues such as heart attack or stroke.