Final answer:
Epidemiologists gather data related to the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of diseases in populations to track disease spread, formulate public health policies, and devise prevention and control strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a descriptive epidemiological study, epidemiologists gather information regarding the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease within a population. They collect data on a specific disease to track its spread and to identify the original mode of transmission. This involves examining clinical records, conducting patient interviews, employing surveillance methods, and utilizing any other available means to gather pertinent information.
The collected data facilitates the understanding of the disease's evolution geographically and over time, which helps in the formulation of public health policies, such as the development of vaccinations, and strategies to reduce the incidence or to prevent the spread of the disease. Epidemiologists also engage in rapid investigations during outbreaks to recommend immediate measures for disease control.