Final answer:
An LVDT operates based on Faraday's law of induction with one primary and two secondary windings connected in opposition. The differential AC voltage generated in the secondary windings represents the core's position, which is used to monitor a process.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is a type of transformer that operates on the principle of Faraday's law of induction. The LVDT typically has three windings: one primary and two secondary. The primary winding is energized with an AC voltage, which induces a magnetic field in the transformer core. This magnetic field generates AC voltages in the two secondary windings. These secondary windings are connected in opposition, meaning that their induced voltages will be out of phase with each other when the core is centered. The differential voltage, which is the difference between these two voltages, represents the position of the core relative to the center of the transformer. As the core moves, it changes the inductance in the secondary windings, causing the differential voltage to change proportionally. This provides an electrical signal that is representative of the position of the process being monitored.