Final answer:
Installing new piston rings without removing the ring ridge can lead to cracked piston ring lands or the top compression ring. This damage may cause engine failure due to loss of compression and increased oil consumption. Other mentioned engine parts are less directly affected by the ring installation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
If new piston rings are installed without removing the ring ridge, the result may be catastrophic for engine components. A ring ridge can form at the top of the cylinder where the piston does not wear the cylinder wall. If this ridge isn't removed before new rings are installed, the rings will hit the ridge and can cause significant damage.
The most likely outcome is that the piston ring lands, which are the flat surfaces on the piston where the rings sit, and/or the top compression ring may crack under the increased stress. This damage can lead to a loss of compression, increased oil consumption, and ultimately, engine failure. While a broken piston skirt, a broken piston pin, and damaged connecting rod bearings are also potential consequences of various engine faults, they are less directly related to the installation of piston rings without ridge removal.