Final answer:
PMS and PMDD symptoms usually occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which is after ovulation and before menstruation when hormonal fluctuations are present.
Step-by-step explanation:
PMS and PMDD in the Menstrual Cycle
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which is after ovulation and before the onset of menstruation. During this phase, the corpus luteum, which forms from the follicle after releasing the egg, produces progesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels fall, and the endometrium lining of the uterus is shed during the menstrual phase. It's this hormonal fluctuation that contributes to the symptoms of PMS and PMDD, typically in the days leading up to menstruation.
During the ovarian cycle, specifically the luteal phase, hormonal changes can trigger a variety of symptoms including mood swings, physical discomfort, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns in some women. PMS and PMDD symptoms usually improve with the start of the menstrual bleeding.