Final answer:
Greek farmers addressed their farming challenges by founding colonies with more fertile land, utilizing agricultural innovations like crop rotation and metal plows, and benefiting from the introduction of coinage which improved market trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
Greek farmers faced significant challenges in farming due to the rocky soil and shortage of arable land. However, they adopted several strategies to overcome these obstacles. One of the primary ways was establishing colonies in more fertile regions, such as the Black Sea, northern Aegean, North Africa, southern Gaul, and particularly in Sicily and southern Italy, regions that they referred to as Magna Graecia or 'Greater Greece.' Here, they could cultivate olives and grapes, which were in high demand and profitable for trade. Additionally, they developed new agricultural techniques, such as crop rotation and the use of metal plows, which improved the soil quality and made more areas suitable for farming. Another important development was the invention of coinage which alleviated some economic pressure by stimulating trade and incentivizing increased production on existing farms.