Question

An African American couple comes for preconception counseling. Neither one has any significant family or genetic history. Based on their descent, which of the following blood tests would you recommend?

A) Hemoglobin A1c test
B) Sickle cell trait test
C) Cystic fibrosis carrier test
D) Thalassemia test
E) Tay-Sachs disease carrier test

Answer 1

The recommended blood test for an African American couple with no significant family or genetic history in preconception counseling is the Sickle cell trait test to determine carrier status for this autosomal recessive disorder common in people of African descent.

Step-by-step explanation:

The appropriate blood test recommended for an African American couple seeking preconception counseling, who have no significant family or genetic history, is the Sickle cell trait test (Option B). Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that impacts hemoglobin within red blood cells. This disorder is particularly prevalent among individuals of African descent.

While having one copy of the sickle cell gene (heterozygous) typically does not result in sickle cell anemia, it can confer some resistance to malaria, which is of evolutionary advantage in regions where malaria is common. Those with two copies (homozygous recessive) will express the disease and can suffer from severe symptoms. The sickle cell trait can be diagnosed with a simple genetic test, and knowing one's carrier status is important for making informed reproductive decisions.