Final answer:
Article III of the Constitution creates the federal judiciary, which includes the Supreme Court and allows for Congress to establish inferior courts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Article III of the Constitution creates the federal judiciary. This Article establishes the Judicial Branch, which includes the Supreme Court as the highest court in the nation and allows for the creation of inferior courts by Congress. The founding framers of the Constitution identified a need for a national judiciary to resolve disputes between states and to provide a consistent interpretation of federal law, something that was lacking under the Articles of Confederation. Article III affords Congress the authority to shape the judiciary by determining the number of justices and the structure of the court system, which has evolved over time with legislation like the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789. This Act outlined the specific organization of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts.