Final answer:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a kidney-produced hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells to improve oxygen delivery. It can increase blood viscosity, posing health risks when used improperly, such as in athletic performance enhancement through blood doping.
Step-by-step explanation:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. Its primary function is to stimulate the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow, which enhances oxygen delivery to tissues throughout the body.
Concerning the risks associated with EPO, it is important to note that EPO increases blood viscosity, which can be hazardous. This increased viscosity can put strain on the heart and complicate blood circulation, potentially leading to heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots when used improperly, such as in athletes seeking performance enhancement through blood doping.
In terms of its role in the endocrine system, EPO is among the hormones that are pivotal for maintaining homeostasis in the body, particularly in oxygen transportation and hematopoiesis.