Final answer:
Certain warrant exceptions exist for locations and situations such as the passenger compartments of cars, border entries, national security purposes against foreign powers, and exigent circumstances. The Fourth Amendment upholds the requirement of probable cause for the issuing of a warrant unless an exception applies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Searches in which of the following locations do not require a search warrant? Certain locations and situations are indeed exempt from the warrant requirement. For example, police can search the passenger compartment of a car and search people entering the United States without a warrant. Additionally, under exigent circumstances, such as when there is a risk that evidence may be destroyed, or when the items are in plain view, officers can conduct searches without a warrant. The 'good faith' exception allows for the use of evidence if the police executed a warrant they believed to be valid, even if it wasn't, and the 'inevitable discovery' rule applies if the evidence would have been found regardless. National security purposes directed against foreign powers, as per In re Directives, also do not require a warrant. The Fourth Amendment provides the overall constitutional framework for these rules, requiring warrants to be issued based on probable cause and only then can searches and seizures be deemed reasonable.