Final answer:
The petrous portion of the temporal bone projects medially and contains the organs of the inner ear. It forms the petrous ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, which houses important auditory structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the temporal bone that projects medially and contains the organs of the inner ear is the petrous portion. This part of the temporal bone forms a prominent, diagonally oriented ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, known as the petrous ridge. The petrous portion houses the small cavities that contain the structures of the middle and inner ears, making it essential for hearing and balance.
The part of the temporal bone that projects medially and contains organs of the inner ear is the petrous portion of the temporal bone.