Final answer:
The statement about Freud, Jung, and Adler's contributions to understanding personality through dreams, the collective unconscious, and earliest memories is TRUE. Freud analyzed dreams for unconscious insights, Jung introduced the collective unconscious and archetypes, and Adler examined earliest memories to understand lifestyle and coping strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is TRUE. Sigmund Freud did analyze dream stories to gain insight into the unconscious mind. He believed that the manifest content of a dream could provide clues to an individual's unconscious desires and experiences. Freud's approach to dream analysis involved discerning between the manifest content and the latent content, which represented the hidden psychological meaning of the dream.
Carl Jung, who initially worked closely with Freud, introduced the concept of the collective unconscious and the idea of universal archetypes. Jung proposed that, in addition to the personal unconscious, there is a deeper layer that is shared among all people and contains archetypes. These archetypes are innate, universal psychic dispositions that form the substrate from which the basic themes of human life emerge. They are manifested in literature, art, dreams, and religions, and include motifs such as the hero, the maiden, the sage, and the trickster.
Alfred Adler, another contemporary of Freud, focused on individual psychology and explored the content of earliest memories. He believed these memories could provide significant insights into a person's lifestyle, including their coping strategies and their approach to life's challenges. Adler is known for his concept of the inferiority complex, which refers to an individual's feelings of inadequacy and their compensation for these feelings.