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The grand theories of personality that ascribe to all human beings core psychological features and functions such as the Freudian id, the Jungian collective unconscious, the self-actualizing and organismic tendencies set forth by humanistic theories, and the behaviorist principles of reinforcement and punishment. TRUE or FALSE

User Leon Young
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Final answer:

The statement is TRUE. Grand theories of personality, including Freudian, Neo-Freudian, behavioral, humanistic, and trait theories, ascribe core psychological features and functions to all human beings.

Step-by-step explanation:

The statement that grand theories of personality ascribe core psychological features and functions, such as the Freudian id, the Jungian collective unconscious, the self-actualizing tendencies set forth by humanistic theories, and behaviorist principles of reinforcement and punishment to all human beings is TRUE. The grand theories of personality include:

  • Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, proposing the id, ego, and superego as key elements of personality, focusing on unconscious drives and early childhood.
  • Neo-Freudians like Adler, Jung, Horney, and Erikson, who adapted Freud's theories to include social and cultural aspects and reduced the emphasis on sexuality.
  • Behavioral theorists such as B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura, who argue that personality is shaped by external reinforcements, consequences, and observational learning, with concepts like reciprocal determinism and self-efficacy.
  • Humanistic psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, who focus on self-actualization and the potential for personal growth.
  • Trait theorists who describe personalities through identifiable traits, with models like the Five Factor Model outlining openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

These grand theories offer a diverse perspective on the complex nature of personality and its development.

User Alejandrina
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