Final answer:
The statement is TRUE. Grand theories of personality, including Freudian, Neo-Freudian, behavioral, humanistic, and trait theories, ascribe core psychological features and functions to all human beings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that grand theories of personality ascribe core psychological features and functions, such as the Freudian id, the Jungian collective unconscious, the self-actualizing tendencies set forth by humanistic theories, and behaviorist principles of reinforcement and punishment to all human beings is TRUE. The grand theories of personality include:
- Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, proposing the id, ego, and superego as key elements of personality, focusing on unconscious drives and early childhood.
- Neo-Freudians like Adler, Jung, Horney, and Erikson, who adapted Freud's theories to include social and cultural aspects and reduced the emphasis on sexuality.
- Behavioral theorists such as B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura, who argue that personality is shaped by external reinforcements, consequences, and observational learning, with concepts like reciprocal determinism and self-efficacy.
- Humanistic psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, who focus on self-actualization and the potential for personal growth.
- Trait theorists who describe personalities through identifiable traits, with models like the Five Factor Model outlining openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
These grand theories offer a diverse perspective on the complex nature of personality and its development.