Final answer:
Cholera is a disease caused by dysfunction of the Gs subunit due to a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae. Dysfunctions of G-proteins can lead to various genetic disorders, such as Lowe disease and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), caused by genetic mutations affecting critical proteins and enzymes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A disease caused by dysfunction of the Gs subunit is cholera, which occurs when the bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that leads to continuous activation of the G-protein controlling a chloride channel. This causes dehydration due to excessive fluid loss. Other than cholera, dysfunctions in G-proteins and their signaling pathways can contribute to various genetic disorders and diseases, including chronic diseases such as Lowe disease or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), which result from mutations affecting critical proteins and enzymes.
Diseases that arise from mutations causing enzyme deficiencies can lead to a range of symptoms, such as cataracts, kidney disease, and mental impairments as seen in Lowe disease. CGD, on the other hand, is due to defects in the phagocytic cells' ability to produce superoxide radicals, resulting in persistent infections and granuloma formation. These genetic disorders can have profound effects on those afflicted, depending on the particular mutation and resulting functional deficiencies.