Final answer:
Opioid analgesics such as morphine, codeine, and meperidine can cause CNS stimulation in certain species.
Step-by-step explanation:
Opioid analgesics such as morphine, codeine, and meperidine cause CNS stimulation in certain species.
For example, in humans, opioids bind to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract, resulting in pain relief and feelings of euphoria. However, opioids can also cause CNS stimulation, leading to side effects such as restlessness, agitation, and even seizures.
It is important to note that the extent of CNS stimulation and side effects can vary between species, and opioid use should always be guided by a healthcare professional.