Final answer:
Cardiogenic and obstructive shocks are associated with increased central venous pressure. Cardiogenic shock is most often caused by heart failure, while obstructive shock results from physical obstructions in circulation, such as a pulmonary embolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cardiogenic shock and obstructive shock are types of circulatory shock associated with increased central venous pressure (CVP). Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart cannot maintain adequate cardiac output, often due to a heart attack, arrhythmias, or valve disorders. In this condition, despite the failing heart's decreased efficiency in pumping blood, the volume within the venous system may increase, leading to elevated CVP.
Obstructive shock arises when there is a physical obstruction in the blood circulation, such as a pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax. These conditions cause a backup of blood in the venous system, as the blood is unable to effectively return to or pass through the heart, which in turn increases CVP. Both conditions often require immediate medical intervention to address the underlying cause and support the patient hemodynamically.