Final answer:
Basophilic stippling is the erythrocyte abnormality seen in dogs with lead poisoning, where small, dark-blue granules are present in the erythrocytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The erythrocyte abnormality seen in dogs with lead poisoning is basophilic stippling, which is the presence of small, dark-blue granules (stippling) distributed throughout the erythrocytes due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and degraded RNA accumulation.
In contrast to conditions like aplastic anemia and thalassemia, which are related to deficient numbers of RBC stem cells or abnormal maturation of erythrocytes, respectively, lead poisoning directly affects the structure of the erythrocyte cell membrane, which can lead to anemia by making the erythrocytes more fragile and susceptible to destruction.