Final answer:
The most common complication from IV catheterization during equine surgery is catheter-related bloodstream infection, potentially leading to sepsis and increased mortality rates despite the critical role venous catheters play in treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common complication arising from intravenous (IV) catheterization during equine surgery is a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Despite the life-saving role of venous catheters in administering medication and fluids, they present a risk for introducing pathogens into the bloodstream, potentially resulting in sepsis. This is highlighted by the World Health Organization's estimate of 80,000 CRBSIs annually in the US alone.
The introduction of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, during catheterization can occur through various means, including contaminated catheters, medical equipment, or during the insertion process. Measures to prevent this involve strict adherence to aseptic techniques, proper hand hygiene, and following evidence-based protocols for catheter insertion and maintenance. However, these infections can be challenging to treat due to the formation of biofilms on the catheter's surface and the growing presence of antibiotic-resistant strains within hospital settings.