Final answer:
Greatly enlarged lymph nodes due to infection are called buboes, and while they are a sign of infection, they can also be caused by other factors such as cancer or medications. The lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, is involved in the immune response, and nodes can swell as they filter pathogens or debris.
Step-by-step explanation:
Greatly enlarged lymph nodes as a result of infection is called a bubo. This condition can be caused by various pathogens, and it is most commonly associated with an infection such as bubonic plague. However, enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenitis) can be due to other reasons like viral infections, certain medications, or illnesses such as cancer, including lymphoma. The lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, plays a vital role in the body's immune response by filtering lymph and storing lymphocytes. When lymph nodes filter out pathogens or debris, they can become swollen. For instance, certain serovars of C. trachomatis cause an infection of the lymphatic system known as lymphogranuloma venereum, particularly in tropical regions, manifesting with buboes. It is also important to understand that not all swollen lymph nodes indicate a severe condition; oftentimes, they will return to their normal size after a few weeks once the body clears the infection.