Final answer:
In penal law, the use of physical force may be justified in self-defense, defense of others, defense of property, and by law enforcement.
Step-by-step explanation:
In penal law, there are four circumstances in which the use of physical force may be justified:
- Self-defense: If someone is in immediate danger of being harmed, they have the right to use force to protect themselves. For example, if someone is being attacked, they can use physical force to defend themselves.
- Defense of others: Similar to self-defense, if someone witnesses another person being attacked or in danger, they can use physical force to protect that person.
- Defense of property: In certain cases, individuals are permitted to use physical force to protect their property from being damaged or stolen.
- Law enforcement: Police officers and military personnel are authorized to use physical force in order to maintain public order and protect the safety of citizens.