Final answer:
Takeoff requires a sufficient amount of lift, which is produced by the aircraft's wings as they move through air. A sufficient fuel load is also critical, especially in space travel, to counteract Earth's gravity. The design and speed of the aircraft are important to ensure adequate lift is achieved for takeoff.
Step-by-step explanation:
Takeoff requires a sufficient and large amount of lift, which is created by the aircraft's wings as they move through the air. According to a common rule of thumb in aircraft design, wings should generate approximately 1000 N of lift per square meter of wing to achieve this. In the context of a Boeing 777-200ER airliner, for example, the maximum takeoff weight is 298,000 kilograms, or written in scientific notation as 2.98 × 105 kg. When considering space travel, a hefty fuel load is essential for getting away from Earth, and the fuel's mass has a significant influence on the required energy due to the additional work needed to lift the fuel itself away from the gravitational pull of the Earth.
During takeoff, an aircraft travels at a certain speed, which results in a different airspeed relative to the bottom and top of the wings due to the way air flows over the surfaces. For instance, if an aircraft moves at 60.0 m/s at takeoff and the sea level density of air is 1.29 kg/m³, the speed of the air over the upper surface of the wings must be calculated to ensure adequate lift is produced. These calculations and considerations in design are critical to ensure that an aircraft can achieve the necessary lift for a safe takeoff.