Final answer:
In cases of beta blocker toxicity, the antidote is glucagon, which stimulates the heart, counteracting the effects of beta blockers on heart rate and blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The antidote for beta blocker toxicity is glucagon. Glucagon works by bypassing the blocked beta-receptors and stimulating the heart directly, inducing increased heart rate and cardiac output. It's crucial to act quickly in cases of beta blocker overdose, as severe toxicity can lead to life-threatening bradycardia and hypotension. In addition to glucagon, high doses of intravenous fluids and vasopressors like epinephrine or dopamine may be given to support cardiac function and maintain blood pressure. In cases where standard pharmacological treatments fail, mechanical support such as a pacemaker or intra-aortic balloon pump might be necessary.