Final answer:
Potassium replacement in DKA/HHS patients typically starts when serum potassium levels fall below the normal range. The administration of potassium, such as 0.5% KCl IV for hypokalemia, is critical and must be carefully monitored to avoid the risks of overcorrection that can lead to hyperkalemia, which is potentially lethal.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), potassium replacement is crucial due to the risk of hypokalemia. Insulin treatment causes potassium to shift into cells, lowering serum potassium levels. The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L, and any value below this can be risky. Typically, potassium replacement is initiated when serum potassium levels fall below the normal range, but close monitoring is necessary to avoid overcorrection, which can be dangerous.
Care must be taken in these situations because while hypokalemia is a concern, administering too much potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, which can be lethal. In medical settings, potassium chloride (KCl) solutions, like the ordered 0.5% KCl IV solution for hypokalemia, are carefully calculated and administered under strict guidelines. Such IV solutions are prepared and available in hospital supply cabinets for timely intervention.