Final answer:
ACE inhibitors are used for treating hypertension and heart failure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to II, lowering blood pressure. They require careful monitoring of kidney function and potassium levels and should not be combined with ARBs or ARNIs.
Step-by-step explanation:
ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are a class of medications primarily used for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure. By blocking the ACE enzyme, these drugs prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. Common ACE inhibitors include drugs like Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), and Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril).
ACE inhibitors also play a role in improving outcomes for patients with other cardiovascular and kidney conditions. It's essential to note that these medications can affect renal function (kidney function) and may predispose to hyperkalemia (increased potassium in the blood). Therefore, monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes is important when patients are on ACE inhibitors.
While ACE inhibitors are effective, they should not be combined with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) like Losartan (Cozaar) or Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) due to the increased risk of adverse effects. Instead, they may be combined with other classes of antihypertensive medications like thiazide-diuretics or calcium channel blockers to achieve better blood pressure control. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting or changing any medication regimen.