Final answer:
Paternalistic laws are supported for increasing societal welfare by protecting its members, particularly those who are vulnerable. Theoretical support for such laws comes from utilitarian philosophy and social contract theory, promoting a balance between individual liberty and the common good.
Step-by-step explanation:
Paternalistic laws are often supported because they are believed to increase the overall welfare or net utility to society by safeguarding the interests of its members, especially the vulnerable. This approach aligns with the utilitarian principles advocated by philosophers such as John Stuart Mill, who argued for government intervention when necessary to protect and improve the lives of citizens. Social safety nets and welfare programs serve as a "backup to the backup," providing legal entitlement to assistance for those unable to protect themselves from exploitation and market vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing social and economic stability.
Philosophers and political theorists, from the 18th century enlightenment thinkers to modern-day figures like John Rawls, have contributed to the development of these ideas, promoting governmental responsibility to balance individual liberty with societal well-being. Rousseau's concept of laws reflecting the general will and Rawls' notion of maximizing the benefit of the least advantaged are examples of the theoretical grounding for the support of paternalistic laws which promote social welfare.