Final answer:
Clients with osteoporosis should avoid reformer exercises involving forward flexion, side bending, and twisting of the spine, as these increase the risk of spinal fractures. Safe alternatives include weight-bearing and resistance exercises that aid in maintaining or increasing bone mineral density.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reformer exercises to avoid for clients with osteoporosis are those that involve forward flexion, side bending, and twisting of the spine. Due to their condition, these movements can increase the risk of spinal fractures. Osteoporosis is a disease where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. It is important for clients with osteoporosis to engage in exercises that maintain or increase bone mineral density, such as weight-bearing and resistance exercises. However, they should avoid movements that excessively stress the bones or could lead to injury.
Effective and safe exercises include weight training, dancing, stair climbing, running, and hiking. In contrast, biking and swimming are less effective for building bone density as they do not stress the bones as much. Osteoporosis can be treated with bisphosphonates, which slow down bone breakdown and help maintain bone density, although they may come with side effects if taken for an extended period.