Final answer:
The question relates to the historical conditions that led to the French Revolution, with a focus on the overtaxed Third Estate, the formation of the National Assembly, and the political transformations that followed such as the establishment of the Third Republic.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mention of the 'Third Estate', tax issues, and a political upheaval suggests that this question is about the historical context leading up to the French Revolution. The Third Estate referred to the commoners of France who were burdened with heavy taxes, while the first and second estates enjoyed tax exemptions.
In 1789, King Louis XVI summoned the Estates General which led to the National Assembly and further escalations, including the storming of the Bastille. This period marked the beginning of radical social and political change in France, where the citizens were asserting their sovereignty and pushing back against the monarchy's authority.
Additionally, the reference to the 'Third Republic' touches on later French history after the fall of Napoleon's Second Empire, when the Third Republic was established post-1871.