Final answer:
Dentistry and orthodontics are branches of healthcare that focus on maintaining oral health and correcting misaligned teeth and jaws. Dental calculus refers to hardened plaque that can lead to gum disease, while dental caries are cavities caused by bacterial infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dentistry and Orthodontics
Dentistry is a branch of healthcare focused on maintaining oral health and preventing dental diseases. It encompasses various preventive measures such as regular dental check-ups, dental cleanings, and oral hygiene instructions. Orthodontics, on the other hand, is a specialized field within dentistry that focuses on correcting misaligned teeth and jaws.
Dental Calculus
Dental calculus refers to the hardened plaque or tartar that forms on the teeth due to the mineralization of dental plaque. It can lead to gum inflammation and periodontal disease if not removed regularly.
Dental Caries
Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a bacterial infection that causes demineralization and destruction of the tooth structure. It is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene and the consumption of sugary foods and drinks.