Final answer:
Modern findings suggest that cross-rolling in welding may extend as much as eight diameters on each side of the weld, and to a depth of fifteen diameters, which is more substantial than the older rule of thumb of five side-to-side and seven to eight deep.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cross Rolling and Welding
When discussing cross-rolling relative to welding processes, it is important to understand the extent of material deformation or influence on either side of the weld. Previously, an older rule of thumb suggested that the material may extend about five diameters on each side of the weld and to a depth of seven to eight diameters. However, modern findings indicate that this influence can be as much as eight diameters side-to-side and as deep as fifteen diameters.
This indicates that the mechanical influence of the welding process on the material can be quite substantial, potentially affecting a larger area than previously thought. The actual dimensions associated with side-to-side extension and depth will vary based on the diameter of the material being welded. For those engaged in welding operations, it's critical to account for these dimensions in both the design and quality control stages to ensure structural integrity and the prevention of defects within and around the weld zone.
By considering these updated measurements of cross-rolling extension during welding, professionals can ensure that proper welding techniques are employed and can also anticipate the need for any additional processing or treatments to manage the effects of the welding on the material properties.