Final answer:
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair. It plays a critical role in generating genetic diversity through V(D)J recombination and is essential for the diversification of antibodies. TdT catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand, allowing for the extension of the DNA molecule.
Step-by-step explanation:
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair. It catalyzes the addition of deoxynucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand, allowing for the extension of the DNA molecule. TdT is unique because it does not require a template strand to synthesize DNA, making it essential for the diversification of antibodies.
The significance of TdT lies in its role in generating genetic diversity. By adding nucleotides randomly to the ends of DNA strands, TdT plays a critical role in V(D)J recombination, a process that facilitates the generation of highly diverse antibodies in the immune system. This allows the body to recognize and defend against a wide range of foreign substances.
Overall, TdT is a key enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and contributes to the adaptive immune response by generating genetic diversity through V(D)J recombination.