Final answer:
The condition is vesicoureteral reflux, which causes recurrent UTIs and shows parenchymal scarring and calyceal blunting on IV pyelography.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that presents with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) secondary to reflux, and IV pyelography showing focal parenchymal scarring and blunting of calyces is called vesicoureteral reflux.
Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and potentially reaches the kidneys. This condition is usually present from birth and can lead to frequent UTIs, as the bacteria from the bladder can easily travel up to the kidneys. The reflux can be diagnosed using imaging techniques like IV pyelography, which can show the scarring and calyceal blunting.
Treatment for vesicoureteral reflux may involve antibiotics to prevent UTIs, as well as a surgical procedure called ureteral reimplantation to correct the abnormal flow of urine.