Final answer:
The well-known side effect of thiazide diuretic therapy is increased urination, which occurs due to the inhibition of sodium and chloride ion reabsorption in the kidneys leading to increased water excretion.
Step-by-step explanation:
A well-known side effect of thiazide diuretic therapy is increased urination. Thiazides are a type of medication used in the management of hypertension and work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron in kidneys. This process leads to a reduction in blood volume and pressure. However, because thiazides prevent the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, more water is also excreted along with these ions, thus increasing the frequency of urination.
Examples of thiazide diuretics include Chlorothiazide (Diuril), Chlorthalidone (Hygroton), and Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril). The therapeutic goals of thiazide therapy include the management of high blood pressure and the reduction of edema that is associated with conditions such as heart failure. Despite their beneficial effects, patients on these medications need to be monitored for side effects like increased urination which could potentially lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.