Final answer:
The described symptoms suggest optic neuritis, which requires a thorough eye examination and possibly an MRI to determine the cause and treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition described in the question involving decreased visual acuity, sluggish afferent pupillary response to light, changes in color perception, and a swollen disc is indicative of optic neuritis. This condition is often associated with multiple sclerosis but can also occur due to other etiologies. Symptoms such as a distorted vision, pain on eye movement, and transient visual loss can also manifest with optic neuritis. It is critical to conduct a thorough ocular examination and, if necessary, imaging studies such as MRI to ascertain the underlying cause of these symptoms and to initiate appropriate treatment.