Final answer:
Acute febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is a type II hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after an incompatible blood transfusion. It involves the binding of antibodies to transfused red blood cells (RBCs) and activation of complement proteins, leading to hemolysis. An example is the reaction between anti-A antibodies in a person with type B blood and type A blood transfusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is a type II hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after an incompatible blood transfusion. In this reaction, antibodies in the recipient's blood recognize and bind to antigens on the transfused red blood cells (RBCs), leading to destruction of the RBCs. In addition, the binding of antibodies to RBCs activates complement proteins, resulting in an inflammatory response and further hemolysis.
For example, if a person with type B blood receives a transfusion of type A blood, their anti-A antibodies will bind to and agglutinate the transfused RBCs. This binding activates the classical complement cascade, causing destruction of the RBCs.