Final answer:
Hematogenous osteomyelitis typically strikes in children's long bones like the femur, and in adults' bones exposed by trauma or surgery. It is most commonly caused by the bacterium S. aureus and diagnosed by blood or bone cultures. Treatments involve antibiotics such as nafcillin, oxacillin, cephalosporin, and sometimes vancomycin for resistant cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Hematogenous osteomyelitis typically strikes the long bones in children, such as the femur. In adults, it may occur where bone tissue has been exposed directly to bacteria due to trauma or surgical procedures involving prosthetic joints. This condition is an inflammation of bone tissue, frequently caused by an infection that can be acute or chronic. S. aureus is the most common bacterium causing both septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. In children, hematogenous spread occurs when bacteria, like S. aureus, enter the bloodstream and localize in the highly vascularized growing bones. The signs of osteomyelitis include fever, pain, swelling, and potential tissue damage leading to bone loss. Diagnosis often involves radiography and identifying bacteria from blood or bone cultures. Treatment may include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as nafcillin, oxacillin, or cephalosporin for acute cases, and ampicillin or piperacillin/tazobactam for chronic ones, with vancomycin used in resistant cases.