Final answer:
The complications of surgery for Graves' hyperthyroidism with a large goiter and coexisting thyroid nodule can include bleeding, infection, injury to nearby structures, hypothyroidism, and scar formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The complications of surgery for Graves' hyperthyroidism with a large goiter and coexisting thyroid nodule can include:
- Bleeding: Surgery on the thyroid gland carries a risk of bleeding, which may require a blood transfusion or additional surgery to control.
- Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, and antibiotics are usually prescribed to minimize this risk.
- Injury to nearby structures: During surgery, there is a risk of damaging nearby structures such as the parathyroid glands, which regulate calcium levels in the body, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves, which control the vocal cords.
- Hypothyroidism: Removing the thyroid gland can lead to an underactive thyroid, necessitating lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
- Scar formation: Surgery leaves a visible scar in the neck area, although the size and visibility of the scar can vary.
It's important to discuss these potential complications with your surgeon and have a thorough understanding of the risks and benefits before undergoing surgery.