Final answer:
Mesenteric ischemia may present with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in acute cases, or abdominal pain after meals and unintentional weight loss in chronic cases. Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging studies and treatment involves restoring blood flow to the affected area.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mesenteric ischemia refers to a condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the intestines, leading to tissue damage and potentially life-threatening complications. The presentation of mesenteric ischemia can vary depending on the severity and duration of the condition.
In acute mesenteric ischemia, symptoms may include severe abdominal pain that is out of proportion to physical examination findings, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Physical examination may reveal abdominal tenderness, absent bowel sounds, and signs of peritoneal irritation. In chronic mesenteric ischemia, which typically results from progressive narrowing of the mesenteric arteries, symptoms may include abdominal pain after meals, unintentional weight loss, and fear of eating.
Diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia is often confirmed through imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) or mesenteric angiography. Treatment usually involves restoring blood flow to the affected area, which may involve surgery or endovascular procedures.