Final answer:
Thyroid cancers arising from follicular/epithelial cells include papillary, follicular, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. These cancers involve cells specialized in iodine absorption and thyroid hormone production, regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The thyroid cancers that arise from follicular/epithelial cells include papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland's follicular cells are highly specialized to absorb iodide ions from the blood and use them to produce thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are synthesized with the help of iodine and the glycoprotein thyroglobulin stored within the follicle's colloid. The secretion of these hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary. Typically, papillary and follicular cancers have a good prognosis and are treatable, while anaplastic thyroid cancer is more aggressive and has a poorer outcome.